coastal restoration
the challenge
This property, on a spit of land that juts out into the Bay with a southfacing view is truly special. As you approach from the mainland you pass over a beach edged by low sand dunes with healthy native shrubs. This habitat, has been substantially altered in the area that has been developed for residential use. Lawns have replaced native beach grass and invasive plants shrubs line the roads, property edges and areas close to the shore.
The dominate invasive plants include: Morrow's honeysuckle (a shrub), honeysuckle vine, beach roses and black swallowort vines (pictures). There is also a considerable area in lawn that has limited wildlife value and is more susceptible to erosion than plants that have evolved to live on shifting sands.
plant palette for restoration
All of the plants selected here are native to this area and are adapted to coastal conditions. All are reasonable salt and wind tolerant and can handle sandy soils. Some need wetter conditions than others,
Trees
Bird Cherry
Prunus serotina
Birds enjoy the cherries and the insects that live on the plant. Decent fall color and attractive dark red bark on new growth.
40' tall by 20' wide
There are some of these trees on the property. They should be protected and encouraged.
American holly
Quercus ilicifolia
Birds love hollies and the american holly grown among other trees in a forest setting is looser and less stiff than the standard garden variety hollies.
Likes it wet. Slower growing than deciduous trees.
up to 25' tall by 10'
Black Tupelo
Nyssa sylvatica
Cool horizontal branching, fall color that starts with early single bright red leaves and then crescendos to an entire flaming red, Creates thickets in wet areas. Tree on the left by the dunes
Pitch Pine
Pinus rigida
Wonderful curving branch shapes. good cover for birds, has winter interest.
up to 50' by 20'
This is a good choice fairly near the house to integrate the home into the landscape.
Scrub Oak
Quercus ilicifolia
Great for dry sandy areas. Grows naturally in the dunes of outer Cape Cod. Can handle storms.
Drought tolerant
up to 20' tall
Good choide for near the beach
Scarlet oak
Quercus coccinea
Bright red fall color, and a great shade tree. Oaks are noted for supporting more species than just about any other plant.
up to 60' tall, 30' wide
Shrubs
Bayberry
Morella pensylvanica
Good for privacy and to give birds cover
small to tall shrub depending on wind stress
Blueberry
Vaccinum corymbosum
Beautiful fall color
Forms colonies, Recommended for birds
Tall shrub
Groundsel Bush
Baccharis halimifolia
Great white flowers in fall, very tolerant of salt.
Tall shrub
Serviceberry
Amelanchier canadensis
The showiest spring tree of the New England woods. Their white blossoms are showy yet delicate.
Small understory tree
Sweet fern
Comptonia peregrina
Slow growing and spreading shrub with a wonderful scent and interesting flowers
Low Shrub
Bearberry
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Good ground cover with few weeds. Tolerates hot, dry, salty conditions
Very Low Shrub
Beach Plum
Prunus maritima
Wonderful spring blooms for bees and fall fruit for birds - and jam
low to tall shrub depending on salt spray and wind
Carolina Rose
Rosa carolina
Hardy beautiful rose with great hips. Who doesn't love great hips
low to medium shrub
Red Twig Dogwood
Swida sericea
Good Winter color,
Easy to grow
medium shrub
References
The Best Trees, Vines, And Shrubs To Plant For Birds: A Starter List - The Cornell Lab
Garden Plant Finder - Native Plant Trust